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Volume of SEC Litigation Releases over Time

Here at SLCG, we have spent a lot of time compiling and summarizing the SEC's Litigation Releases each Friday. You can find all of those weekly summaries on our blog -- 91 and counting! -- but we noticed that last week had a lot more Litigation Releases than usual. We also noticed the same thing at the end of last September. We wondered if there was a pattern here.

Being nerds, we wrote a program to count all of the SEC's Litigation Releases over the past 15 years. We aggregated them monthly...

Trouble in Paradise: UBS Puerto Rico Bond Fund Investors Hit Hard

Despite a 2012 settlement agreement with the SEC, UBS Puerto Rico continues to face new allegations regarding its sales practices of tax-advantaged closed-end funds. While UBS Puerto Rico did not admit wrongdoing when it settled with the SEC, an SEC statement on the matter said "UBS Puerto Rico denied its closed-end fund customers [...] accurate price and liquidity information, and a trading desk that did not advantage UBS's trades over those of its customers." At the time of the SEC...

Peligro en la Isla del Encanto: Inversionistas de UBS Puerto Rico Sufren Cuantiosas Pérdidas

Hace más de un año, la Comisión de Valores y Bolsa de los Estados Unidos (SEC, por sus siglas en inglés) penalizó a la unidad puertorriqueña de UBS. La SEC acusó a UBS Puerto Rico (UBS PR) de encubrir la crisis de liquidez que afectaba a un grupo de sus fondos llamados Fondos de Puerto Rico. La investigación por parte de la SEC resultó en un acuerdo extrajudicial mediante el cual UBS PR se comprometió a pagar $26.6 millones de dólares a los inversionistas afectados. Hoy en día, UBS PR se...

What is Black-Scholes, Anyway?

In the past, we have reviewed the basics of options as well as included some discussion of more exotic options, such as binary options and barrier options, but we haven't talked in detail about option pricing. There are a lot of great models for valuing options, but they can be a bit intimidating for the uninitiated, even though the underlying ideas are simple.

Any option's value is dependent upon the probability and timing of payouts. For example, how much would you be willing to pay for an...

Risk Retention in Collateralized Loan Obligations

Last week we covered the SEC's proposed risk retention rules for securitized assets such as collateralized debt obligations (CDOs) and mortgage backed securities (MBS). One of the reasons why these types of structured deals are so complex is because they are divided into many different securities, called 'tranches,' with different levels of risk. We explained tranching in our post, What is a CDO, Anyway?

The new proposed rules require sponsors of securitizations to keep at least 5% of each...

Why Do Volatility ETPs Reverse Split?

We still get a lot of questions about VXX, TVIX, and all of the other VIX-related exchange-traded products(ETPs). We've talked before about the persistent loss of value due to negative roll yield, as well as issues surrounding TVIX's suspension of share creations. We've also talked about some of the newer volatility products that attempt to mitigate some of the issues with the older generation of products. We've also analyzed whether VIX-based ETFs could serve as a hedge to equity...

Cat Bonds and Contamination Risk

Many pension funds have struggled to achieve sufficient return on their investments in the current low interest rate environment. Some have begun investing in insurance-linked securities, particularly catastrophe ('cat') bonds. You can find our primer on insurance-linked securities on our blog post, "The Basics of Insurance Linked Securities"; essentially, insurance companies issue cat bonds to transfer the risk of catastrophic losses to investors, meaning cat bond investors suffer losses in...

Morgan Stanley's Excessive Municipal Bond Markups

Yesterday, FINRA fined Morgan Stanley for best execution and for charging excessive markups or markdowns. We have been covering markups extensively, and we have taken the Morgan Stanley municipal bond transactions identified by the FINRA action and applied our markup calculation methodology to calculate the distribution of markups charged by Morgan Stanley.

Let's start with an example. FINRA flagged a customer purchase of $145,000 in a West Virginia municipal bond (CUSIP: 95639RBW8) on...

Do Leveraged ETFs Increase Stock Market Volatility?

Leveraged exchange-traded funds (LETFs) are controversial investments. Because they can be leveraged as much as 3x, and can be linked to highly volatile underlying assets, their daily price movement is typically very dramatic. Also, LETFs tend to lose value over time if their underlying assets are relatively volatile due to rebalancing effects, something we've covered in our blog post "Leveraged ETFs", as well as in our research papers, "Leveraged ETFs, Holding Periods and Investment...

Structured CD with an Exotic Embedded Option

In the past few months, we have constructed a database of thousands of structured certificates of deposit (CDs). We have analyzed and evaluated hundreds of these CDs and have compiled these results into a recently completed study . Our results indicate that structured CDs are usually issued at significant discounts to face-value (comparable to structured products), offer little if any market exposure and are often less valuable than contemporaneously issued fixed rate CDs.

We've recently come...

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