Markup Calculation Methodology
(Jun 2013)
Our study looks at markups and markdowns implied by EMMA trade data. My colleagues have shown an example of how we calculate the markups, but I wanted to illustrate the methodology used to handle the more complex cases that arose when analyzing the trade data.
There were effectively four cases that we needed to address. The first case occurs when inter-dealer trades occur on the same business day as the customer trade. In that case we computed the volume weighted average price (VWAP) of the...
Alternative Ways to Gain Municipal Bond Exposure
(Jun 2013)
We've been covering municipal bonds, with a focus on markups, this week on the blog. So far we've discussed some basics, given an example of an excessive markup and introduced SLCG research on excessive markups in municipal bonds . Given that retail investors may be charged excessive markups when purchasing municipal bonds directly, it may make sense for them to purchase municipal bonds indirectly.
Jason Zweig has written a great follow-up to his coverage of the muni markups issue with a...
An Example of an Excessive Muni Markup
(Jun 2013)
This week we've been discussing excessive markups in the municipal bond market. Now that we've outlined what excessive markups are, you might be wondering what such markups actually look like in the EMMA data.
The following figure shows the October 6, 2009 EMMA trading activity in a $6.54 million State of California municipal bond issued in 2009. A customer purchased $1,000,000 of the issue at $113.80, paying $3.507 more than the average inter-dealer price for trades of similar size that...
Retail Investors and the Municipal Bond Market
(Jun 2013)
This week, we will be discussing the buying and selling of municipal bonds by brokers on behalf of retail investors. But to start, let's address some basic questions about the municipal bond market.
What are municipal bonds and how are they traded?
Municipal bonds are simply bonds issued by a state and local government or authorities. Municipal bonds can be general obligation bonds, meaning they are not used to fund specific projects, or they could be issued to finance a new highway, a public...
Welcome to Muni Markup Week on the SLCG Blog
(Jun 2013)
Today SLCG posted a new working paper titled "Using EMMA to Assess Municipal Bond Markups". In it, our colleagues Geng Deng and Craig McCann report a veritable pandemic of excessive markups charged to retail investors in the municipal bond market. This work has been highlighted in a recent Wall Street Journal article by Jason Zweig. Jason's looked at markups generically in the past and we're happy this story has caught his attention.
The primary findings of the paper are that:
SEC Litigation Releases: Week in Review - June 7th, 2013
(Jun 2013)
Final Judgments Entered Against Former Nicor Senior Officers Kathleen Halloran and George Behrens
June 5, 2013, (Litigation Release No. 22715)
Final judgments were entered against Kathleen Halloran and George Behrens, former CFO and former Treasurer of Nicor, Inc. respectively, for allegedly overstating "Nicor's financial performance...by, among other things, making or authorizing false and misleading statements about Nicor's performance in multiple filings with the Commission." The SEC...
SEC Litigation Releases: Week in Review - May 31st, 2013
(May 2013)
District Court Enters Judgment Against Medical Software Company and Its CEO and CFO
May 30, 2013, (Litigation Release No. 22709)
Default judgments were entered against MedLink International, Inc., its CEO, Aurelio Vuono, and its CFO, James Rose, for allegedly "filing an annual report falsely stating that its audit had been completed and...defrauding a MedLink investor." The judgment orders permanent injunctions from violating sections of the Securities Act and Exchange Act and orders the...
SEC Litigation Releases: Week in Review - May 24th, 2013
(May 2013)
SEC Charges Atlanta-Area Registered Representative and Registered Investment Adviser Representative with Securities Fraud
May 23, 2013, (Litigation Release No. 22706)
According to the complaint, since at least 2008 Blake Richards, "a registered representative of a broker dealer, misappropriated at least $2 million from at least seven investors." Allegedly, the "majority of the misappropriated funds constituted retirement savings and/or life insurance proceeds from deceased spouses." An order...
SEC Charges South Miami with Defrauding Investors
(May 2013)
Yesterday the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) charged the City of South Miami with defrauding investors over the tax-exempt status of some municipal offerings.
In 2002, the City of South Florida obtained access to tax-exempt financing through a pooled conduit municipal bond issued by the Florida Municipal Loan Council (FMLC) to fund the construction of a mixed-use retail and parking structure in the city's commercial district.* The 2002 FMLC bond offering can be found online. The...
SEC Litigation Releases: Week in Review - May 17th, 2013
(May 2013)
Final Settlements Reached in "Golden Goose" Wall Street Insider Trading Case
May 15, 2013, (Litigation Release No. 22700)
Earlier this week final judgments were entered against Jamil Bouchareb, Daniel Corbin, and Corbin's companies, CobinInvestmentHoldings, LLC and Augustus Management LLC, for their alleged involvement in a widespread insider trading scheme. Bouchareb and Corbin have agreed to pay over $1.2 million in disgorgement and pre-judgment interest to settle the charges. Additionally,...
